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HPV是甚麼?

人類乳頭瘤病毒(Human Papilloma Virus, HPV)有200多種病毒,是常見通過性接觸傳播的病毒1
不同病毒種類的HPV感染會引發不同病症,HPV的病毒種類可分為高危型HPV和低危型HPV 1

高危型HPV1,3

高危型HPV可引致癌症1,3。感染某些高危型HPV,
例如HPV16和18,可導致約90%子宮頸癌
及約90%肛門癌1。另外,約70%相關口咽癌
等頭頸癌亦由高危型HPV引起1

低危型HPV3

低危型HPV儘管不會引致癌症,但卻能引致
生殖器官濕疣(俗稱椰菜花),超過90%椰菜
花是由HPV 6及11引起的3


無病徵都可以人傳人4

大部分的HPV感染通常不會有症狀,
潛伏期可高達10年,更會人傳人4

沒有針對性治療4

現時仍然沒有HPV感染的針對性治療方法4
若無法自行清除HPV,HPV持續感染會演變成難
以控制及相當嚴重的情況,例如導致癌症4

一種病毒 多種癌症1

不同HPV的病毒類型可引致多種癌症

癌症種類HPV感染百分比
肛門癌1*>90%
子宮頸癌1大部分
生殖器官濕疣(椰菜花)390%
陰道癌175%
外陰癌1*70%
口咽癌5,*70%

HPV的相關疾病和治療

HPV可引致不同疾病1

感染HPV可引致子宮頸癌、肛門癌*、生殖器官濕疣(其他疾病亦存風險:外陰癌、陰道癌、口咽癌) 1。通常HPV感染後不會有病徵,但潛伏期可達10年,更會人傳人4
以下治療方案只供參考,詳情請向醫生查詢。

根據醫管局數據顯示,在過去十年,25-29歲的子宮頸癌平均發病人數是20-24歲的7倍6.b,45-49歲女性更為確診子宮頸癌數目的高峰6,b

當子宮頸內細胞受到人類乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)的持續侵襲,就可能導致細胞變異,引發子宮頸上皮內瘤(CIN)。若CIN第3級得不到適當的治療,10年內演變成癌的機會約40%7


你知道嗎?本港平均每2-3日便有一位女士,因爲子宮頸癌離開最愛的家人8c

全球每年約有 20000 例肛門癌新發癌症病例9,有近90%的肛門癌是由HPV引致的1。若您會進行肛交,或有多於一位性伴侶,您會有更高風險感染HPV和患上肛門癌10。此外,若已感染愛滋病毒(HIV)或有其他免疫系統問題(正在服用免疫抑製劑的或進行器官移植)的人士,以及有吸煙的習慣,感染HPV和患上肛門癌的風險更高10

大多數的肛門癌,會由粘膜細胞開始出現病變11。肛門癌大多始於兩種細胞:肛門內細胞、肛周細胞。12

肛門癌的早期病徵跟痔瘡相似,如有分泌物於股溝流出或肛門出血等13。一般人難以區分,以至延誤就醫。14

肛門癌可以透過肛門局部/全切除手術、放射治療、化學藥物治療去治療15-17。若進行肛門切除手術或需永久造外置造口,或會影響日常生活15

你知道嗎?不論男女,肛門癌放射治療可能引致不育16

生殖器官濕疣,又名椰菜花,可以潛伏2星期至8個月18!椰菜花病症為一個或多個結塊生長於生殖器官、生殖器官痕癢、排尿不尋常等18,19

椰菜花的治療方法包括冷凍治療法、手術切除、燒灼治療等18。但椰菜花難以斷尾,約4成患者至少復發1次20

你知道嗎?本港男性椰菜花患者比女性高3.3倍18,d

人類乳頭瘤病毒(Human Papilloma Virus, HPV)主要透過性行為接觸到皮膚傷口、黏膜或體液感染21,除了性器官,也可能因性相關接觸導致口腔感染HPV,引發口咽癌等其他頭頸癌5,而且頭頸癌男性患者的比例比女性高22,23

*HPV相關的
a 大多數感染可自行清除,但持續感染可導致疾病1
b 2010-2019年十年來20-24歲的子宮頸癌平均新症數目為<1,而25-29歲為76
c 根據2020年資料顯示 子宮頸癌死亡個案為159宗8
d 根據2021年衛生署數據顯示18


References: 1. National Cancer Institute. HPV and Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/infectious-agents/hpv-fact-sheet. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 2. Ryser, M.D., et al. (2015). PLoS Comput Biol 11(3): e1004113. 3. Centre for Health Protection. Sept 2016. Available at: https://bit.ly/3Qqk7Vk. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 4. CDC. Genital HPV Infection – CDC Fact Sheet, CDC. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/HPV-FS-July-2017.pdf. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 5. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer. Oct 2022. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/basic_info/hpv_oropharyngeal.htm#:~:text=HPV%20can%20infect%20the%20mouth,cancers%20in%20the%20United%20States. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 6. Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority. Hong Kong Cancer Statistics. Cervical cancer female. Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/allages.asp. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 7. Hospital Authority. Cervical Cancer. Available at: https://www21.ha.org.hk/smartpatient/SPW/zh-HK/Disease-Information/Disease/?guid=90118916-92f8-4f99-b864-3c3f36a48bcc. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 8. Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority. Cervical Cancer in 2020. Oct 2022. Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/pdf/factsheet/2020/cx_2020.pdf  Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 9. Lin C, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018; 18(2): 198–206. 10. American Cancer Society. Risk Factors for Anal Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 11. American Cancer Society. What Is Anal Cancer? Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/about/what-is-anal-cancer.html. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 12. Cancer Research UK. Types of anal cancer. Available at: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/anal-cancer/stages-types/types. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 13. American Cancer Society. Signs and Symptoms of Anal Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-and-symptoms.html. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 14. America Cancer Society. Can Anal Cancer Be Found Early? Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 15. American Cancer Society. Surgery for Anal Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/treating/surgery.html. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 16. American Cancer Society. Radiation Therapy for Anal Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/treating/radiation-therapy.html. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 17. American Cancer Society. Chemotherapy for Anal Cancer. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/anal-cancer/treating/chemotherapy.html. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 18. Centre for Health Protection. Men’s Health Line – Genital Wart. Available at: https://www.chp.gov.hk/en/static/80039.html. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 19. National Health Service. Genital warts. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/genital-warts/. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 20. Giuliano AR et al. J Infect Dis. 2019;219:703–10. 21. Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. QA. Available at: https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=1799. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 22. Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority. Hong Kong Cancer Statistics. Heck and neck cancer male. Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/allages.asp. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023. 23. Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority. Hong Kong Cancer Statistics. Heck and neck cancer female. Available at: https://www3.ha.org.hk/cancereg/allages.asp. Accessed on: 22 Feb 2023.


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